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commit d577dd92dac72614e108d090cd61fac1c7cf369a Merge: 5e35e8f6ee d7922e98fa Author: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@gmail.com> Date: Sun Jun 16 16:17:02 2024 +0000 Merge branch 'debian-sid' into debian-experimental * debian-sid: debian: new upstream point release Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@gmail.com> Change-Id: I658425b7f3a7c6a9ad49fc6546bebcbbb9afbf34 commit 5e35e8f6eed7621313c2c8a92244035f6a488119 Author: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@gmail.com> Date: Sun Jun 16 16:13:03 2024 +0000 debian: new "next" snapshot Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@gmail.com> Change-Id: I3d3d996bf24548fa75dba622e0b8c3693e8740ad commit 292823351a3115061393f1e799cc038349e61979 Merge: 82386ce8b7 447d99e1c3 Author: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@gmail.com> Date: Sun Jun 16 15:51:14 2024 +0000 Merge branch 'next' of https://kernel.googlesource.com/pub/scm/git/git into debian-experimental Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@gmail.com> Change-Id: Ibe9be166caf3a65f2a3c38579b68a205aadfcd36 commit d7922e98fad107e82e2b11c7defecf9f6d89bfb4 Author: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@gmail.com> Date: Sun Jun 16 15:48:22 2024 +0000 debian: new upstream point release Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@gmail.com> commit c2645176d92fe7e3433448bd4e1aa6e2b70a0052 Merge: 8d1426afa2 bea9ecd24b Author: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@gmail.com> Date: Sun Jun 16 15:39:06 2024 +0000 Merge tag 'v2.45.2' into debian-sid Git 2.45.2 Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@gmail.com> commit 447d99e1c3bfb5c45d0d491c7e2c0b75dd7eccf9 Merge: b56b59d1d7 a83e21de6b Author: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> Date: Fri Jun 14 14:26:35 2024 -0700 Merge branch 'tb/pseudo-merge-reachability-bitmap' into next The pseudo-merge reachability bitmap to help more efficient storage of the reachability bitmap in a repository with too many refs has been added. * tb/pseudo-merge-reachability-bitmap: pack-bitmap.c: ensure pseudo-merge offset reads are bounded Documentation/technical/bitmap-format.txt: add missing position table commit a83e21de6b7630c1cdf3298d68b120dd9eaecd0f Author: Taylor Blau <me@ttaylorr.com> Date: Fri Jun 14 15:23:58 2024 -0400 pack-bitmap.c: ensure pseudo-merge offset reads are bounded After reading the pseudo-merge extension's metadata table, we allocate an array to store information about each pseudo-merge, including its byte offset within the .bitmap file itself. This is done like so: pseudo_merge_ofs = index_end - 24 - (index->pseudo_merges.nr * sizeof(uint64_t)); for (i = 0; i < index->pseudo_merges.nr; i++) { index->pseudo_merges.v[i].at = get_be64(pseudo_merge_ofs); pseudo_merge_ofs += sizeof(uint64_t); } But if the pseudo-merge table is corrupt, we'll keep calling get_be64() past the end of the pseudo-merge extension, potentially reading off the end of the mmap'd region. Prevent this by ensuring that we have at least `table_size - 24` many bytes available to read (adding 24 to the left-hand side of our inequality to account for the length of the metadata component). This is sufficient to prevent us from reading off the end of the pseudo-merge extension, and ensures that all of the get_be64() calls below are in bounds. Helped-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net> Signed-off-by: Taylor Blau <me@ttaylorr.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> commit 20c49432e44f1c98e37f5df97c8137ecd8c1af77 Author: Taylor Blau <me@ttaylorr.com> Date: Fri Jun 14 15:23:55 2024 -0400 Documentation/technical/bitmap-format.txt: add missing position table While investigating a benign Coverity warning on the new pseudo-merge implementation, I was struggling to understand the (paraphrased) below: ofs = index_end - 24 - (index->pseudo_merges.nr * sizeof(uint64_t)); for (i = 0; i < index->pseudo_merges.nr; i++) { index->pseudo_merges.v[i].at = get_be64(ofs); ofs += sizeof(uint64_t); } , in pack-bitmap.c::load_bitmap_header(). Looking at the documentation, the diagram describing the on-disk format (prior to this patch) suggested that the optional extended lookup table immediately preceded the trailing metadata portion. If that were the case, that would make the above code from load_bitmap_header() incorrect, as we'd be blindly reading into the extended offset table. But later on in the documentation there is a description of the pseudo-merge position table as immediately preceding the trailing metadata portion of the extension. And indeed, we do write the position table in pack-bitmap-write.c: /* write positions for all pseudo merges */ for (i = 0; i < writer->pseudo_merges_nr; i++) hashwrite_be64(f, pseudo_merge_ofs[i]); hashwrite_be32(f, writer->pseudo_merges_nr); hashwrite_be32(f, kh_size(writer->pseudo_merge_commits)); hashwrite_be64(f, table_start - start); hashwrite_be64(f, hashfile_total(f) - start + sizeof(uint64_t)); So this is purely a case of the diagram being out of sync with the textual description and actual implementation of the format specification. Add the missing component back to the format diagram to avoid further confusion in this area. Signed-off-by: Taylor Blau <me@ttaylorr.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> commit 82386ce8b7228291368c91334a4f3d039580dfad Author: Emily Shaffer <nasamuffin@google.com> Date: Fri Jun 14 12:17:33 2024 -0700 debian: new "next" snapshot Change-Id: If3f499908e0473b3583fffa2c3da29bf828e1a81 Signed-off-by: Emily Shaffer <emilyshaffer@google.com> commit 12498e8133335b2d4fb2cf1b205b441c57572479 Merge: cc8e2286ed dbec12cfda Author: Emily Shaffer <nasamuffin@google.com> Date: Fri Jun 14 12:17:01 2024 -0700 Merge branch 'next' into debian-experimental Change-Id: Id31b941f74b5561bdb666ab4be0b4ebc9036b736 Signed-off-by: Emily Shaffer <emilyshaffer@google.com> commit b56b59d1d7f36ee78f5a21827b57692599d09709 Merge: 8089bf6f81 607c3d372e Author: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> Date: Fri Jun 14 12:06:35 2024 -0700 Merge branch 'jc/heads-are-branches' into next The "--heads" option of "ls-remote" and "show-ref" has been been deprecated; "--branches" replaces "--heads". * jc/heads-are-branches: show-ref: introduce --branches and deprecate --heads ls-remote: introduce --branches and deprecate --heads refs: call branches branches commit 8089bf6f81f292de785341487e470f6442e4c1af Merge: dbec12cfda 028bb23a61 Author: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> Date: Fri Jun 14 12:06:34 2024 -0700 Merge branch 'ps/document-breaking-changes' into next The structure of the document that records longer-term project decisions to deprecate/remove/update various behaviour has been outlined. * ps/document-breaking-changes: BreakingChanges: document that we do not plan to deprecate git-checkout BreakingChanges: document removal of grafting BreakingChanges: document upcoming change from "sha1" to "sha256" docs: introduce document to announce breaking changes commit 028bb23a61653dde0481671a2ac4a4e83ce061b8 Author: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Date: Fri Jun 14 08:42:48 2024 +0200 BreakingChanges: document that we do not plan to deprecate git-checkout The git-checkout(1) command is seen by many as hard to understand because it connects two somewhat unrelated features: switching between branches and restoring worktree files from arbitrary revisions. In 2019, we thus implemented two new commands git-switch(1) and git-restore(1) to split out these separate concerns into standalone functions. This "replacement" of git-checkout(1) has repeatedly triggered concerns for our userbase that git-checkout(1) will eventually go away. This is not the case though: the use of that command is still widespread, and it is not expected that this will change anytime soon. Document that all three commands will remain for the foreseeable future. This decision may be revisited in case we ever figure out that most everyone has given up on any of the commands. Signed-off-by: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> commit fcf0f4801d9f007a3bc4358f8e2589247be81ab0 Author: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Date: Fri Jun 14 08:42:44 2024 +0200 BreakingChanges: document removal of grafting The grafting mechanism for objects has been deprecated in e650d0643b (docs: mark info/grafts as outdated, 2014-03-05), which is more than a decade ago. The mechanism can lead to hard-to-debug issues and has a superior replacement with replace refs. Follow through with the deprecation and mark grafts for removal in Git 3.0. Signed-off-by: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> commit 6ccf041d1d73d69d05118f739c80f83c86caf0d6 Author: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Date: Fri Jun 14 08:42:39 2024 +0200 BreakingChanges: document upcoming change from "sha1" to "sha256" Starting with 8e42eb0e9a (doc: sha256 is no longer experimental, 2023-07-31), the "sha256" object format is no longer considered to be experimental. Furthermore, the SHA-1 hash function is actively recommended against by for example NIST and FIPS 140-2, and attacks against it are becoming more practical both due to new weaknesses (SHAppening, SHAttered, Shambles) and due to the ever-increasing computing power. It is only a matter of time before it can be considered to be broken completely. Let's plan for this event by being active instead of waiting for it to happend and announce that the default object format is going to change from "sha1" to "sha256" with Git 3.0. All major Git implementations (libgit2, JGit, go-git) support the "sha256" object format and are thus prepared for this change. The most important missing piece in the puzzle is support in forges. But while GitLab recently gained experimental support for the "sha256" object format though, to the best of my knowledge GitHub doesn't support it yet. Ideally, announcing this upcoming change will encourage forges to start building that support. Signed-off-by: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> commit 57ec9254eb996080c757708a7eec8d3657897222 Author: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Date: Fri Jun 14 08:42:34 2024 +0200 docs: introduce document to announce breaking changes Over time, Git has grown quite a lot. With this evolution, many ideas that were sensible at the time they were introduced are not anymore and are thus considered to be deprecated. And while some deprecations may be noted in manpages, most of them are actually deprecated in the "hive mind" of the Git community, only. Introduce a new document that tracks such breaking changes, but also deprecations which we are not willing to go through with, to address this issue. This document serves multiple purposes: - It is a way to facilitate discussion around proposed deprecations. - It allows users to learn about deprecations and speak up in case they have good reasons why a certain feature should not be deprecated. - It states intent and documents where the Git project wants to go, both in the case where we want to deprecate, but also in the case where we don't want to deprecate a specific feature. The document is _not_ intended to cast every single discussion into stone. It is supposed to be a living document that may change over time when there are good reasons for it to change. Signed-off-by: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> commit dbec12cfdaf20165dabbe15855bf843922bc7aec Merge: df378ec81e 4c063c82e9 Author: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> Date: Thu Jun 13 13:03:57 2024 -0700 Merge branch 'pw/rebase-i-error-message' into next When the user adds to "git rebase -i" instruction to "pick" a merge commit, the error experience is not pleasant. Such an error is now caught earlier in the process that parses the todo list. * pw/rebase-i-error-message: rebase -i: improve error message when picking merge rebase -i: pass struct replay_opts to parse_insn_line() commit df378ec81eecd97ac303243025221914894b0ec3 Merge: e5d17f7da2 f1160393c1 Author: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> Date: Thu Jun 13 13:03:56 2024 -0700 Merge branch 'ds/ahead-behind-fix' into next Fix for a progress bar. * ds/ahead-behind-fix: commit-graph: increment progress indicator commit e5d17f7da23d4c168d67e6e178d1b08daf0c41ee Merge: 3fad4afcfd 037df60013 Author: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> Date: Thu Jun 13 13:03:55 2024 -0700 Merge branch 'ps/abbrev-length-before-setup-fix' into next Setting core.abbrev too early before the repository set-up (typically in "git clone") caused segfault, which as been corrected. * ps/abbrev-length-before-setup-fix: object-name: don't try to abbreviate to lengths greater than hexsz parse-options-cb: stop clamping "--abbrev=" to hash length config: fix segfault when parsing "core.abbrev" without repo commit 3fad4afcfd64c0fab4de2f5093f15b0685ec4eac Merge: 5cf8d7513e f96c385449 Author: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> Date: Thu Jun 13 13:03:54 2024 -0700 Merge branch 'rj/format-patch-auto-cover-with-interdiff' into next "git format-patch --interdiff" for multi-patch series learned to turn on cover letters automatically (unless told never to enable cover letter with "--no-cover-letter" and such). * rj/format-patch-auto-cover-with-interdiff: format-patch: assume --cover-letter for diff in multi-patch series t4014: cleanups in a few tests commit 5cf8d7513ef680b60d297ce2036ed4468a566f12 Merge: eb3700b002 7dd4051b01 Author: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> Date: Thu Jun 13 13:03:53 2024 -0700 Merge branch 'kn/update-ref-symref' into next "git update-ref --stdin" learned to handle transactional updates of symbolic-refs. * kn/update-ref-symref: update-ref: add support for 'symref-update' command reftable: pick either 'oid' or 'target' for new updates update-ref: add support for 'symref-create' command update-ref: add support for 'symref-delete' command update-ref: add support for 'symref-verify' command refs: specify error for regular refs with `old_target` refs: create and use `ref_update_expects_existing_old_ref()` commit eb3700b002cbf1421c8e4818d5297243913841d2 Merge: 1cd0259667 ed54840872 Author: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> Date: Thu Jun 13 13:03:51 2024 -0700 Merge branch 'gt/unit-test-oidtree' into next "oidtree" tests were rewritten to use the unit test framework. * gt/unit-test-oidtree: t/: migrate helper/test-oidtree.c to unit-tests/t-oidtree.c commit 1cd02596674a7fc08d2c6c3c7c8537a5944a5cf3 Merge: 1570129ebf e162aed591 Author: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> Date: Thu Jun 13 13:03:51 2024 -0700 Merge branch 'tb/multi-pack-reuse-fix' into next Assorted fixes to multi-pack-index code paths. * tb/multi-pack-reuse-fix: pack-revindex.c: guard against out-of-bounds pack lookups pack-bitmap.c: avoid uninitialized `pack_int_id` during reuse midx-write.c: do not read existing MIDX with `packs_to_include` commit 1570129ebf8726037c796002ceeec929c386d5a6 Merge: d57b04bf16 d63586cb31 Author: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> Date: Wed Jun 12 14:18:54 2024 -0700 Sync with 'master' commit d57b04bf16a69ee810fe3cb5caa135669146216d Merge: 9ce495b6cc 1d969afb78 Author: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> Date: Wed Jun 12 14:18:38 2024 -0700 Merge branch 'ps/make-append-to-cflags' into next To help developers, the build procedure now allows builders to use CFLAGS_APPEND to specify additional CFLAGS. * ps/make-append-to-cflags: Makefile: add ability to append to CFLAGS and LDFLAGS commit 9ce495b6ccdc7240699bf2219f18d63f433d997e Merge: cf3de70246 d7b97b7185 Author: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> Date: Wed Jun 12 14:18:37 2024 -0700 Merge branch 'rs/diff-exit-code-with-external-diff' into next "git diff --exit-code --ext-diff" learned to take the exit status of the external diff driver into account when deciding the exit status of the overall "git diff" invocation when configured to do so. * rs/diff-exit-code-with-external-diff: diff: let external diffs report that changes are uninteresting userdiff: add and use struct external_diff t4020: test exit code with external diffs commit cf3de70246e5abb0c0d1ee37e01714826c5cdb80 Merge: 9958540878 e83055ecb0 Author: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> Date: Wed Jun 12 14:18:36 2024 -0700 Merge branch 'ds/doc-add-interactive-singlekey' into next Doc update. * ds/doc-add-interactive-singlekey: doc: interactive.singleKey is disabled by default commit f1160393c172da29d0d0874c7d69ce76dbdc8c0c Author: Derrick Stolee <stolee@gmail.com> Date: Tue Jun 11 15:09:15 2024 +0000 commit-graph: increment progress indicator This fixes a bug that was introduced by 368d19b0b7 (commit-graph: refactor compute_topological_levels(), 2023-03-20): Previously, the progress indicator was updated from `i + 1` where `i` is the loop variable of the enclosing `for` loop. After this patch, the update used `info->progress_cnt + 1` instead, however, unlike `i`, the `progress_cnt` attribute was not incremented. Let's increment it. Signed-off-by: Derrick Stolee <derrickstolee@github.com> Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de> [jc: squashed in a test update from Patrick Steinhardt] Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> commit d63586cb314731c851f28e14fc8012988467e2da Author: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> Date: Wed Jun 12 13:36:28 2024 -0700 The thirteenth batch Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> commit 2a061a62e28003898cb2c19ee332147b55fe95d3 Merge: 51ea70c18a 456b4dce4c Author: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> Date: Wed Jun 12 13:37:18 2024 -0700 Merge branch 'gt/decorate-unit-test' A test helper that essentially is unit tests on the "decorate" logic has been rewritten using the unit-tests framework. * gt/decorate-unit-test: t/: migrate helper/test-example-decorate to the unit testing framework commit 51ea70c18ad4646fdcccdce72a1a457f7ada6297 Merge: c2f79440ac 6d107751b2 Author: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> Date: Wed Jun 12 13:37:17 2024 -0700 Merge branch 'jk/sparse-leakfix' Many memory leaks in the sparse-checkout code paths have been plugged. * jk/sparse-leakfix: sparse-checkout: free duplicate hashmap entries sparse-checkout: free string list after displaying sparse-checkout: free pattern list in sparse_checkout_list() sparse-checkout: free sparse_filename after use sparse-checkout: refactor temporary sparse_checkout_patterns sparse-checkout: always free "line" strbuf after reading input sparse-checkout: reuse --stdin buffer when reading patterns dir.c: always copy input to add_pattern() dir.c: free removed sparse-pattern hashmap entries sparse-checkout: clear patterns when init() sees existing sparse file dir.c: free strings in sparse cone pattern hashmaps sparse-checkout: pass string literals directly to add_pattern() sparse-checkout: free string list in write_cone_to_file() commit c2f79440acc0d24e5a8a61648cf92055cf4ca5c8 Merge: b8bdb2f283 e7c3d1ddba Author: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> Date: Wed Jun 12 13:37:16 2024 -0700 Merge branch 'jk/cap-exclude-file-size' An overly large ".gitignore" files are now rejected silently. * jk/cap-exclude-file-size: dir.c: reduce max pattern file size to 100MB dir.c: skip .gitignore, etc larger than INT_MAX commit b8bdb2f2835c9877120651cc9f22eaca6f8f66a8 Merge: 22cf18fd9e 313eec177a Author: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> Date: Wed Jun 12 13:37:16 2024 -0700 Merge branch 'jc/safe-directory-leading-path' The safe.directory configuration knob has been updated to optionally allow leading path matches. * jc/safe-directory-leading-path: safe.directory: allow "lead/ing/path/*" match commit 22cf18fd9ede79bdfe5ac93e09986a64052e5781 Merge: 56346ba24e 2794932548 Author: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> Date: Wed Jun 12 13:37:15 2024 -0700 Merge branch 'gt/t-hash-unit-test' A pair of test helpers that essentially are unit tests on hash algorithms have been rewritten using the unit-tests framework. * gt/t-hash-unit-test: t/: migrate helper/test-{sha1, sha256} to unit-tests/t-hash strbuf: introduce strbuf_addstrings() to repeatedly add a string commit 56346ba24e16274196180a859d27a8199acb6150 Merge: a39e28ace7 efa8786800 Author: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> Date: Wed Jun 12 13:37:14 2024 -0700 Merge branch 'cp/reftable-unit-test' Basic unit tests for reftable have been reimplemented under the unit test framework. * cp/reftable-unit-test: t: improve the test-case for parse_names() t: add test for put_be16() t: move tests from reftable/record_test.c to the new unit test t: move tests from reftable/stack_test.c to the new unit test t: move reftable/basics_test.c to the unit testing framework commit a39e28ace77686db3324d1093a92c2cfdf5a5e0b Merge: 8d94cfb545 56f4f4a29d Author: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> Date: Wed Jun 12 13:37:13 2024 -0700 Merge branch 'jc/t1517-more' A new test was added to ensure git commands that are designed to run outside repositories do work. * jc/t1517-more: imap-send: minimum leakfix t1517: more coverage for commands that work without repository commit ed548408723d6e969160279398cc47f88f5700bc Author: Ghanshyam Thakkar <shyamthakkar001@gmail.com> Date: Sat Jun 8 22:27:09 2024 +0530 t/: migrate helper/test-oidtree.c to unit-tests/t-oidtree.c helper/test-oidtree.c along with t0069-oidtree.sh test the oidtree.h library, which is a wrapper around crit-bit tree. Migrate them to the unit testing framework for better debugging and runtime performance. Along with the migration, add an extra check for oidtree_each() test, which showcases how multiple expected matches can be given to check_each() helper. To achieve this, introduce a new library called 'lib-oid.h' exclusively for the unit tests to use. It currently mainly includes utility to generate object_id from an arbitrary hex string (i.e. '12a' -> '12a0000000000000000000000000000000000000'). This also handles the hash algo selection based on GIT_TEST_DEFAULT_HASH. This library will also be helpful when we port other unit tests such as oid-array, oidset etc. Helped-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> Mentored-by: Christian Couder <chriscool@tuxfamily.org> Mentored-by: Kaartic Sivaraam <kaartic.sivaraam@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Ghanshyam Thakkar <shyamthakkar001@gmail.com> [jc: small fixlets squashed in] Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> commit 037df60013bb3f1534d4db6bf850d7547f1c1d13 Author: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Date: Wed Jun 12 10:03:36 2024 +0200 object-name: don't try to abbreviate to lengths greater than hexsz When given a length that equals the current hash algorithm's hex size, then `repo_find_unique_abbrev_r()` exits early without trying to find an abbreviation. This is only sensible because there is nothing to abbreviate in the first place, so searching through objects to find a unique prefix would be a waste of compute. What we don't handle though is the case where the user passes a length greater than the hash length. This is fine in practice as we still compute the correct result. But at the very least, this is a waste of resources as we try to abbreviate a value that cannot be abbreviated, which causes us to hit the object database. Start to explicitly handle values larger than hexsz to avoid this performance penalty, which leads to a measureable speedup. The following benchmark has been executed in linux.git: Benchmark 1: git -c core.abbrev=9000 log --abbrev-commit (revision = HEAD~) Time (mean ± σ): 12.812 s ± 0.040 s [User: 12.225 s, System: 0.554 s] Range (min … max): 12.723 s … 12.857 s 10 runs Benchmark 2: git -c core.abbrev=9000 log --abbrev-commit (revision = HEAD) Time (mean ± σ): 11.095 s ± 0.029 s [User: 10.546 s, System: 0.521 s] Range (min … max): 11.037 s … 11.122 s 10 runs Summary git -c core.abbrev=9000 log --abbrev-commit HEAD (revision = HEAD) ran 1.15 ± 0.00 times faster than git -c core.abbrev=9000 log --abbrev-commit HEAD (revision = HEAD~) Signed-off-by: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> commit 59ff92c516be0a2b0292acea869c6ac79f8bae5c Author: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Date: Wed Jun 12 10:03:31 2024 +0200 parse-options-cb: stop clamping "--abbrev=" to hash length The `OPT__ABBREV()` option allows the user to specify the length that object hashes shall be abbreviated to. This length needs to be in the range of `(MIN_ABBREV, the_hash_algo->hexsz)`, which is why we clamp the value as required. While this makes sense in the case of `MIN_ABBREV`, it is unnecessary for the upper boundary as the value is eventually passed down to `repo_find_unnique_abbrev_r()`, which handles values larger than the current hash length just fine. In the preceding commit, we have changed parsing of the "core.abbrev" config to stop clamping to the upper boundary. Let's do the same here so that the code becomes simpler, we are consistent with how we treat the "core.abbrev" config and so that we stop depending on `the_repository`. Signed-off-by: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> commit 524c0183c999c59940ce1a8712b78e4dbd87ae60 Author: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Date: Wed Jun 12 10:03:23 2024 +0200 config: fix segfault when parsing "core.abbrev" without repo The "core.abbrev" config allows the user to specify the minimum length when abbreviating object hashes. Next to the values "auto" and "no", this config also accepts a concrete length that needs to be bigger or equal to the minimum length and smaller or equal to the hash algorithm's hex length. While the former condition is trivial, the latter depends on the object format used by the current repository. It is thus a variable upper boundary that may either be 40 (SHA-1) or 64 (SHA-256). This has two major downsides. First, the user that specifies this config must be aware of the object hashes that its repository use. If they want to configure the value globally, then they cannot pick any value in the range `[41, 64]` if they have any repository that uses SHA-1. If they did, Git would error out when parsing the config. Second, and more importantly, parsing "core.abbrev" crashes when outside of a Git repository because we dereference `the_hash_algo` to figure out its hex length. Starting with c8aed5e8da (repository: stop setting SHA1 as the default object hash, 2024-05-07) though, we stopped initializing `the_hash_algo` outside of Git repositories. Fix both of these issues by not making it an error anymore when the given length exceeds the hash length. Instead, leave the abbreviated length intact. `repo_find_unique_abbrev_r()` handles this just fine except for a performance penalty which we will fix in a subsequent commit. Reported-by: Kyle Lippincott <spectral@google.com> Signed-off-by: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> commit 1d969afb785a86ad9851c6e1c3253cc11f8507dd Author: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Date: Mon Jun 10 08:38:20 2024 +0200 Makefile: add ability to append to CFLAGS and LDFLAGS There are some usecases where we may want to append CFLAGS to the default CFLAGS set by Git. This could for example be to enable or disable specific compiler warnings or to change the optimization level that code is compiled with. This cannot be done without overriding the complete CFLAGS value though and thus requires the user to redeclare the complete defaults used by Git. Introduce a new variable `CFLAGS_APPEND` that gets appended to the default value of `CFLAGS`. As compiler options are last-one-wins, this fulfills both of the usecases mentioned above. It's also common practice across many other projects to have such a variable. While at it, also introduce a matching `LDFLAGS_APPEND` variable. While there isn't really any need for this variable as there are no default `LDFLAGS`, users may expect this variable to exist, as well. Signed-off-by: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> commit e162aed591154612cbc646ab19808096d226fce5 Author: Taylor Blau <me@ttaylorr.com> Date: Tue Jun 11 13:28:24 2024 -0400 pack-revindex.c: guard against out-of-bounds pack lookups The function midx_key_to_pack_pos() is a helper function used by midx_to_pack_pos() and midx_pair_to_pack_pos() to translate a (pack, offset) tuple into a position into the MIDX pseudo-pack order. Ensure that the pack ID given to midx_pair_to_pack_pos() is bounded by the number of packs within the MIDX to prevent, for instance, uninitialized memory from being used as a pack ID. Signed-off-by: Taylor Blau <me@ttaylorr.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> commit ed4a1d6ae10e2c86ae8e05f485c3c6ad7e6da077 Author: Taylor Blau <me@ttaylorr.com> Date: Tue Jun 11 13:28:20 2024 -0400 pack-bitmap.c: avoid uninitialized `pack_int_id` during reuse When performing multi-pack reuse, reuse_partial_packfile_from_bitmap() is responsible for generating an array of bitmapped_pack structs from which to perform reuse. In the multi-pack case, we loop over the MIDXs packs and copy the result of calling `nth_bitmapped_pack()` to construct the list of reusable paths. But we may also want to do pack-reuse over a single pack, either because we only had one pack to perform reuse over (in the case of single-pack bitmaps), or because we explicitly asked to do single pack reuse even with a MIDX[^1]. When this is the case, the array we generate of reusable packs contains only a single element, which is either (a) the pack attached to the single-pack bitmap, or (b) the MIDX's preferred pack. In 795006fff4 (pack-bitmap: gracefully handle missing BTMP chunks, 2024-04-15), we refactored the reuse_partial_packfile_from_bitmap() function and stopped assigning the pack_int_id field when reusing only the MIDX's preferred pack. This results in an uninitialized read down in try_partial_reuse() like so: ==7474==WARNING: MemorySanitizer: use-of-uninitialized-value #0 0x55c5cd191dde in try_partial_reuse pack-bitmap.c:1887:8 #1 0x55c5cd191dde in reuse_partial_packfile_from_bitmap_1 pack-bitmap.c:2001:8 #2 0x55c5cd191dde in reuse_partial_packfile_from_bitmap pack-bitmap.c:2105:3 #3 0x55c5cce0bd0e in get_object_list_from_bitmap builtin/pack-objects.c:4043:3 #4 0x55c5cce0bd0e in get_object_list builtin/pack-objects.c:4156:27 #5 0x55c5cce0bd0e in cmd_pack_objects builtin/pack-objects.c:4596:3 #6 0x55c5ccc8fac8 in run_builtin git.c:474:11 which happens when try_partial_reuse() tries to call midx_pair_to_pack_pos() when it tries to reject cross-pack deltas. Avoid the uninitialized read by ensuring that the pack_int_id field is set in the single-pack reuse case by setting it to either the MIDX preferred pack's pack_int_id, or '-1', in the case of single-pack bitmaps. In the latter case, we never read the pack_int_id field, so the choice of '-1' is intentional as a "garbage in, garbage out" measure. Guard against further regressions in this area by adding a test which ensures that we do not throw out deltas from the preferred pack as "cross-pack" due to an uninitialized pack_int_id. [^1]: This can happen for a couple of reasons, either because the repository is configured with 'pack.allowPackReuse=(true|single)', or because the MIDX was generated prior to the introduction of the BTMP chunk, which contains information necessary to perform multi-pack reuse. Reported-by: Kyle Lippincott <spectral@google.com> Signed-off-by: Taylor Blau <me@ttaylorr.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> commit 0c5a62f14bc1f8b240a2d650ccc3f1ce82e917f1 Author: Taylor Blau <me@ttaylorr.com> Date: Tue Jun 11 13:28:17 2024 -0400 midx-write.c: do not read existing MIDX with `packs_to_include` Commit d6a8c58675 (midx-write.c: support reading an existing MIDX with `packs_to_include`, 2024-05-29) changed the MIDX generation machinery to support reading from an existing MIDX when writing a new one. Unfortunately, the rest of the MIDX generation machinery is not prepared to deal with such a change. For instance, the function responsible for adding to the object ID fanout table from a MIDX source (midx_fanout_add_midx_fanout()) will gladly add objects from an existing MIDX for some fanout level regardless of whether or not those objects came from packs that are to be included in the subsequent MIDX write. This results in broken pseudo-pack object order (leading to incorrect object traversal results) and segmentation faults, like so (generated by running the added test prior to the changes in midx-write.c): #0 0x000055ee31393f47 in midx_pack_order (ctx=0x7ffdde205c70) at midx-write.c:590 #1 0x000055ee31395a69 in write_midx_internal (object_dir=0x55ee32570440 ".git/objects", packs_to_include=0x7ffdde205e20, packs_to_drop=0x0, preferred_pack_name=0x0, refs_snapshot=0x0, flags=15) at midx-write.c:1171 #2 0x000055ee31395f38 in write_midx_file_only (object_dir=0x55ee32570440 ".git/objects", packs_to_include=0x7ffdde205e20, preferred_pack_name=0x0, refs_snapshot=0x0, flags=15) at midx-write.c:1274 [...] In stack frame #0, the code on midx-write.c:590 is using the new pack ID corresponding to some object which was added from the existing MIDX. Importantly, the pack from which that object was selected in the existing MIDX does not appear in the new MIDX as it was excluded via `--stdin-packs`. In this instance, the pack in question had pack ID "1" in the existing MIDX, but since it was excluded from the new MIDX, we never filled in that entry in the pack_perm table, resulting in: (gdb) p *ctx->pack_perm@2 $1 = {0, 1515870810} Which is what causes the segfault above when we try and read: struct pack_info *pack = &ctx->info[ctx->pack_perm[i]]; if (pack->bitmap_pos == BITMAP_POS_UNKNOWN) pack->bitmap_pos = 0; Fundamentally, we should be able to read information from an existing MIDX when generating a new one. But in practice the midx-write.c code assumes that we won't run into issues like the above with incongruent pack IDs, and often makes those assumptions in extremely subtle and fragile ways. Instead, let's avoid reading from an existing MIDX altogether, and stick with the pre-d6a8c58675 implementation. Harden against any regressions in this area by adding a test which demonstrates these issues. Signed-off-by: Taylor Blau <me@ttaylorr.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> commit 995854087836ed4a61d3a38cc5e5fc7639b27baa Merge: 9b8ec7b97d 8d94cfb545 Author: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> Date: Mon Jun 10 11:02:17 2024 -0700 Sync with 'master' commit 9b8ec7b97d990fc320f913f9e5848ac30a4dadeb Merge: 9678851a9f e3d2364c45 Author: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> Date: Mon Jun 10 10:54:48 2024 -0700 Merge branch 'jk/imap-send-plug-all-msgs-leak' into next A leak in "git imap-send" that somehow escapes LSan has been plugged. * jk/imap-send-plug-all-msgs-leak: imap-send: free all_msgs strbuf in "out" label commit 9678851a9f6269150fefb1fd301fbc9a1203acbe Merge: 4d62361bc7 d66fe0726b Author: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> Date: Mon Jun 10 10:54:47 2024 -0700 Merge branch 'ps/no-writable-strings' into next Building with "-Werror -Wwrite-strings" is now supported. * ps/no-writable-strings: (27 commits) config.mak.dev: enable `-Wwrite-strings` warning builtin/merge: always store allocated strings in `pull_twohead` builtin/rebase: always store allocated string in `options.strategy` builtin/rebase: do not assign default backend to non-constant field imap-send: fix leaking memory in `imap_server_conf` imap-send: drop global `imap_server_conf` variable mailmap: always store allocated strings in mailmap blob revision: always store allocated strings in output encoding remote-curl: avoid assigning string constant to non-const variable send-pack: always allocate receive status parse-options: cast long name for OPTION_ALIAS http: do not assign string constant to non-const field compat/win32: fix const-correctness with string constants pretty: add casts for decoration option pointers object-file: make `buf` parameter of `index_mem()` a constant object-file: mark cached object buffers as const ident: add casts for fallback name and GECOS entry: refactor how we remove items for delayed checkouts line-log: always allocate the output prefix line-log: stop assigning string constant to file parent buffer ... commit 4d62361bc7c7487089ec72146120685ca2c123ab Merge: a9c55c0f89 62c71ace44 Author: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> Date: Mon Jun 10 10:54:46 2024 -0700 Merge branch 'jk/am-retry' into next "git am" has a safety feature to prevent it from starting a new session when there already is a session going. It reliably triggers when a mbox is given on the command line, but it has to rely on the tty-ness of the standard input. Add an explicit way to opt out of this safety with a command line option. * jk/am-retry: test-terminal: drop stdin handling am: add explicit "--retry" option commit a9c55c0f8948caeb672c63c62e01dbab2ae18fb7 Merge: 81b46b6916 99c7de732e Author: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> Date: Mon Jun 10 10:54:45 2024 -0700 Merge branch 'jc/varargs-attributes' into next Varargs functions that are unannotated as printf-like or execl-like have been annotated as such. * jc/varargs-attributes: __attribute__: add a few missing format attributes __attribute__: mark some functions with LAST_ARG_MUST_BE_NULL __attribute__: remove redundant attribute declaration for git_die_config() __attribute__: trace2_region_enter_printf() is like "printf" commit 81b46b691623090c4ab0c0765ad3910ab4863430 Merge: 12570afc8e 25a0023f28 Author: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> Date: Mon Jun 10 10:54:44 2024 -0700 Merge branch 'ps/ref-storage-migration' into next Allow migrating a repository that uses the files backend for its ref storage to use the reftable backend, with limitations. * ps/ref-storage-migration: builtin/refs: new command to migrate ref storage formats refs: implement logic to migrate between ref storage formats refs: implement removal of ref storages worktree: don't store main worktree twice reftable: inline `merged_table_release()` refs/files: fix NULL pointer deref when releasing ref store refs/files: extract function to iterate through root refs refs/files: refactor `add_pseudoref_and_head_entries()` refs: allow to skip creation of reflog entries refs: pass storage format to `ref_store_init()` explicitly refs: convert ref storage format to an enum setup: unset ref storage when reinitializing repository version commit 12570afc8e15a9fe6455c30e8ec6302e3dc739e7 Merge: 2d6725a946 f60fec6a16 Author: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> Date: Mon Jun 10 10:54:43 2024 -0700 Merge branch 'ps/check-docs-fix' into next "make check-docs" noticed problems and reported to its output but failed to signal its findings with its exit status, which has been corrected. * ps/check-docs-fix: ci/test-documentation: work around SyntaxWarning in Python 3.12 gitlab-ci: add job to run `make check-docs` Documentation/lint-manpages: bubble up errors Makefile: extract script to lint missing/extraneous manpages commit 2d6725a94614b84c899943bcfce1015123a078af Merge: 933f06b899 df651330ab Author: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> Date: Mon Jun 10 10:54:43 2024 -0700 Merge branch 'ps/ci-fix-detection-of-ubuntu-20' into next Fix for an embarrassing typo that prevented running Python2 tests anywhere. * ps/ci-fix-detection-of-ubuntu-20: ci: fix check for Ubuntu 20.04 commit 8d94cfb54504f2ec9edc7ca3eb5c29a3dd3675ae Author: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> Date: Mon Jun 10 10:30:07 2024 -0700 The twelfth batch Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> commit 5235e56ea59a014ffb999d2b4ce3ffa9c74ddce3 Merge: 718b50e3bf 64f8502b40 Author: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> Date: Mon Jun 10 10:30:39 2024 -0700 Merge branch 'jk/leakfixes' Memory leaks in "git mv" has been plugged. * jk/leakfixes: mv: replace src_dir with a strvec mv: factor out empty src_dir removal mv: move src_dir cleanup to end of cmd_mv() t-strvec: mark variable-arg helper with LAST_ARG_MUST_BE_NULL t-strvec: use va_end() to match va_start() commit 718b50e3bf313d19073ad7c26107307b32dd8908 Merge: 1b76f06508 291ef5b61c Author: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> Date: Mon Jun 10 10:30:38 2024 -0700 Merge branch 'iw/trace-argv-on-alias' The alias-expanded command lines are logged to the trace output. * iw/trace-argv-on-alias: run-command: show prepared command Documentation: alias: add notes on shell expansion Documentation: alias: rework notes into points commit d7b97b7185521e3b9364b3abc6553df2480da173 Author: René Scharfe <l.s.r@web.de> Date: Sun Jun 9 09:41:44 2024 +0200 diff: let external diffs report that changes are uninteresting The options --exit-code and --quiet instruct git diff to indicate whether it found any significant changes by exiting with code 1 if it did and 0 if there were none. Currently this doesn't work if external diff programs are involved, as we have no way to learn what they found. Add that ability in the form of the new configuration options diff.trustExitCode and diff.<driver>.trustExitCode and the environment variable GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF_TRUST_EXIT_CODE. They pair with the config options diff.external and diff.<driver>.command and the environment variable GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF, respectively. The new options are off by default, keeping the old behavior. Enabling them indicates that the external diff returns exit code 1 if it finds significant changes and 0 if it doesn't, like diff(1). The name of the new options is taken from the git difftool and mergetool options of similar purpose. (There they enable passing on the exit code of a diff tool and to infer whether a merge done by a merge tool is successful.) The new feature sets the diff flag diff_from_contents in diff_setup_done() if we need the exit code and are allowed to call external diffs. This disables the optimization that avoids calling the program with --quiet. Add it back by skipping the call if the external diff is not able to report empty diffs. We can only do that check after evaluating the file-specific attributes in run_external_diff(). If we do run the external diff with --quiet, send its output to /dev/null. I considered checking the output of the external diff to check whether its empty. It was added as 11be65cfa4 (diff: fix --exit-code with external diff, 2024-05-05) and quickly reverted, as it does not work with external diffs that do not write to stdout. There's no reason why a graphical diff tool would even need to write anything there at all. I also considered using a non-zero exit code for empty diffs, which could be done without adding new configuration options. We'd need to disable the optimization that allows git diff --quiet to skip calling external diffs, though -- that might be quite surprising if graphical diff programs are involved. And assigning the opposite meaning of the exit codes compared to diff(1) and git diff --exit-code to the external diff can cause unnecessary confusion. Suggested-by: Phillip Wood <phillip.wood123@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: René Scharfe <l.s.r@web.de> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> commit 54443bbfc38d0252b31c821fea77320fcf0fe277 Author: René Scharfe <l.s.r@web.de> Date: Sun Jun 9 09:39:08 2024 +0200 userdiff: add and use struct external_diff Wrap the string specifying the external diff command in a new struct to simplify adding attributes, which the next patch will do. Make sure external_diff() still returns NULL if neither the environment variable GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF nor the configuration option diff.external is set, to continue allowing its use in a boolean context. Use a designated initializer for the default builtin userdiff driver to adjust to the type change of the second struct member. Spelling out only the non-zero members improves readability as a nice side-effect. No functional change intended. Signed-off-by: René Scharfe <l.s.r@web.de> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> commit 33be6cf51acf74e623fb3c4e287f7aebbedf5c09 Author: René Scharfe <l.s.r@web.de> Date: Sun Jun 9 09:38:24 2024 +0200 t4020: test exit code with external diffs Add tests to check the exit code of git diff with its options --quiet and --exit-code when using an external diff program. Currently we cannot tell whether it found significant changes or not. While at it, document briefly that --quiet turns off execution of external diff programs because that behavior surprised me for a moment while writing the tests. Signed-off-by: René Scharfe <l.s.r@web.de> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> commit 99c7de732e1ea71804d7643dd121fdde4c181f76 Author: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> Date: Sat Jun 8 11:37:47 2024 -0700 __attribute__: add a few missing format attributes A public function mem_pool_strfmt() takes printf like parameters, but is not given an attribute as such. Also a few file-scope static functions were missing their format attribute. Add them. Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> commit ba744647eae1eeee3a1c2c3d3a2b331fc1075b54 Author: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> Date: Sat Jun 8 11:37:46 2024 -0700 __attribute__: mark some functions with LAST_ARG_MUST_BE_NULL Some varargs functions that use NULL-terminated parameter list were missing __attributes__ ((sentinel)) aka LAST_ARG_MUST_BE_NULL. Add them. Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> commit f52c9a2a280e872546ed84dcea71723d9a762d9a Author: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> Date: Sat Jun 8 11:37:45 2024 -0700 __attribute__: remove redundant attribute declaration for git_die_config() The convention is to declare the function attribute to an extern function together with its declaration in the header file, without repeating the attribute declaration with its definition in the .c source file (a file-scope static function declares its attribute together with its definition in the .c file it is defined, as there is no other place to do so). The definition of git_die_config() in config.c did not follow the convention and had its attribute declared with both its declaration in the header and its definition in the .c source file. Remove the one in the config.c to match everybody else. Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> commit 89e78c7cdad1ac70d16c0ceb79b3ff95dfadd2bb Author: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> Date: Sat Jun 8 11:37:44 2024 -0700 __attribute__: trace2_region_enter_printf() is like "printf" The last part of the parameter list the function takes is like parameters to printf. Mark it as such. An existing call that formats a value of type size_t using "%d" was found by the compiler with the help with this annotation; fix it. Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> commit 933f06b899833d0dfe8031667a718c8d3c37f0d8 Merge: 394989ee78 27db485c34 Author: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> Date: Fri Jun 7 16:08:47 2024 -0700 Merge branch 'ap/credential-clear-fix' into next Upon expiration event, we forgot to clear in-core authentication material other than password (whose support was added recently), which has been corrected. * ap/credential-clear-fix: credential: clear expired c->credential, unify secret clearing commit 394989ee78840533d8cfe1da5591f5db3293f8bf Merge: 7a2c4fd464 2fa04cebfb Author: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> Date: Fri Jun 7 16:08:47 2024 -0700 Merge branch 'jc/format-patch-with-range-diff' into next Move inter/range-diff output to the end of the patch when format-patch adds it to a single patch, instead of writing it before the patch text, to be consistent with what is done for a cover letter for a multi-patch series. * jc/format-patch-with-range-diff: format-patch: move range/inter diff at the end of a single patch output show_log: factor out interdiff/range-diff generation commit e83055ecb0bcb9b020b0c24709e7e791b459b1ac Author: Dragan Simic <dsimic@manjaro.org> Date: Fri Jun 7 15:27:17 2024 -0700 doc: interactive.singleKey is disabled by default Make it clear that the interactive.singleKey configuration option is disabled by default, using rather subtle wording that avoids an emphasis on the actual default value. This should eliminate any associated doubts. While there, touch up the remaining wording of the description a bit. Signed-off-by: Dragan Simic <dsimic@manjaro.org> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> commit cc8e2286ed19fa6eac4084f81eed2ba6d4c2db8f Author: Calvin Wan <calvinwan@google.com> Date: Fri Jun 7 21:47:25 2024 +0000 debian: new "next" snapshot Change-Id: I8e31c7dd806b8e22f4b3ac0ddeadf0a0698635f5 Signed-off-by: Calvin Wan <calvinwan@google.com> commit 6e195abeac0c14cbdf7e8e2fed17912764993d56 Merge: 04f9b01165 7a2c4fd464 Author: Calvin Wan <calvinwan@google.com> Date: Fri Jun 7 21:42:43 2024 +0000 Merge branch 'next' into debian-experimental Change-Id: I4d755150e47620da677b3f0c864b930f4012495a Signed-off-by: Calvin Wan <calvinwan@google.com> commit f96c3854494011ccf3862c8327dcd052a8c874fb Author: Rubén Justo <rjusto@gmail.com> Date: Fri Jun 7 22:55:21 2024 +0200 format-patch: assume --cover-letter for diff in multi-patch series When we deal with a multi-patch series in git-format-patch(1), if we see `--interdiff` or `--range-diff` but no `--cover-letter`, we return with an error, saying: fatal: --range-diff requires --cover-letter or single patch or: fatal: --interdiff requires --cover-letter or single patch This makes sense because the cover-letter is where we place the diff from the previous version. However, considering that `format-patch` generates a multi-patch as needed, let's adopt a similar "cover as necessary" approach when using `--interdiff` or `--range-diff`. Therefore, relax the requirement for an explicit `--cover-letter` in a multi-patch series when the user says `--iterdiff` or `--range-diff`. Still, if only to return the error, respect "format.coverLetter=no" and `--no-cover-letter`. Signed-off-by: Rubén Justo <rjusto@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> commit bc665cdab70ac2aab59575902f8b1d4abe994060 Author: Rubén Justo <rjusto@gmail.com> Date: Fri Jun 7 22:55:10 2024 +0200 t4014: cleanups in a few tests Arrange things we are going to create to be removed at end, and then start creating them. That way, we will clean them up even if we fail after creating some but before the end of the command. Signed-off-by: Rubén Justo <rjusto@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> commit 7a2c4fd46401958fd2318772bab8a8f1d5d0b288 Merge: 958f1ca681 1b76f06508 Author: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> Date: Fri Jun 7 11:01:14 2024 -0700 Sync with 'master' commit 1b76f065085811104b5f4adff001956d7e5c5d1c Merge: cd77e87115 4cac79a50e Author: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> Date: Fri Jun 7 10:57:23 2024 -0700 Merge branch 'tb/midx-write-cleanup' Code clean-up around writing the .midx files. * tb/midx-write-cleanup: pack-bitmap.c: reimplement `midx_bitmap_filename()` with helper midx: replace `get_midx_rev_filename()` with a generic helper midx-write.c: support reading an existing MIDX with `packs_to_include` midx-write.c: extract `fill_packs_from_midx()` midx-write.c: extract `should_include_pack()` midx-write.c: pass `start_pack` to `compute_sorted_entries()` midx-write.c: reduce argument count for `get_sorted_entries()` midx-write.c: tolerate `--preferred-pack` without bitmaps commit e3d2364c45bd8350e737faa6d0e2fbe2e583b03a Author: Jeff King <peff@peff.net> Date: Wed Jun 5 04:35:26 2024 -0400 imap-send: free all_msgs strbuf in "out" label We read stdin into a strbuf, but most code paths never release it, causing a leak (albeit a minor one, as we leak only when exiting from the main function of the program). Commit 56f4f4a29d (imap-send: minimum leakfix, 2024-06-04) did the minimum to plug the one instance we see in the test suite, when we read an empty input. But it was sufficient only because aside from this noop invocation, we don't test imap-send at all! The right spot to free is in the "out" label, which is hit by all code paths before leaving the function. We couldn't do that in 56f4f4a29d because there was no unified exit path. That came separately in 3aca5f7fb0 (imap-send: fix leaking memory in `imap_server_conf`, 2024-06-04), which cleaned up many other leaks (but not this one). Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> commit f5598fcb7ba8588c78a8ab3212e94dc84155d137 Merge: 7986451963 56f4f4a29d Author: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> Date: Fri Jun 7 10:32:20 2024 -0700 Merge branch 'jc/t1517-more' into jk/imap-send-plug-all-msgs-leak * jc/t1517-more: imap-send: minimum leakfix t1517: more coverage for commands that work without repository commit 79864519637f58c79d15ec5b49272c0580201af3 Merge: 6c5be97e4e d66fe0726b Author: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> Date: Fri Jun 7 10:32:02 2024 -0700 Merge branch 'ps/no-writable-strings' into jk/imap-send-plug-all-msgs-leak * ps/no-writable-strings: (46 commits) config.mak.dev: enable `-Wwrite-strings` warning builtin/merge: always store allocated strings in `pull_twohead` builtin/rebase: always store allocated string in `options.strategy` builtin/rebase: do not assign default backend to non-constant field imap-send: fix leaking memory in `imap_server_conf` imap-send: drop global `imap_server_conf` variable mailmap: always store allocated strings in mailmap blob revision: always store allocated strings in output encoding remote-curl: avoid assigning string constant to non-const variable send-pack: always allocate receive status parse-options: cast long name for OPTION_ALIAS http: do not assign string constant to non-const field compat/win32: fix const-correctness with string constants pretty: add casts for decoration option pointers object-file: make `buf` parameter of `index_mem()` a constant object-file: mark cached object buffers as const ident: add casts for fallback name and GECOS entry: refactor how we remove items for delayed checkouts line-log: always allocate the output prefix line-log: stop assigning string constant to file parent buffer ... commit d66fe0726bfb3fb1e3665f7e64b160440007d98e Author: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Date: Fri Jun 7 08:39:40 2024 +0200 config.mak.dev: enable `-Wwrite-strings` warning Writing to string constants is undefined behaviour and must be avoided in C. Even so, the compiler does not help us with this by default because those constants are not in fact marked as `const`. This makes it rather easy to accidentally assign a constant to a non-const variable or field and then later on try to either free it or write to it. Enable `-Wwrite-strings` to catch such mistakes. With this warning enabled, the type of string constants is changed to `const char[]` and will thus cause compiler warnings when being assigned to non-const fields and variables. Signed-off-by: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> commit 71e01a0ebd50fed1d494e1b05374ec0977437248 Author: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Date: Fri Jun 7 08:39:35 2024 +0200 builtin/merge: always store allocated strings in `pull_twohead` The `pull_twohead` configuration may sometimes contain an allocated string, and sometimes it may contain a string constant. Refactor this to instead always store an allocated string such that we can release its resources without risk. While at it, manage the lifetime of other config strings, as well. Note that we explicitly don't free `cleanup_arg` here. This is because the variable may be assigned a string constant via command line options. Signed-off-by: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> commit fc066767662ead1b279a20545ff02ab17d835f34 Author: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Date: Fri Jun 7 08:39:31 2024 +0200 builtin/rebase: always store allocated string in `options.strategy` The `struct rebase_options::strategy` field is a `char *`, but we do end up assigning string constants to it in two cases: - When being passed a `--strategy=` option via the command line. - When being passed a strategy option via `--strategy-option=`, but not a strategy. This will cause warnings once we enable `-Wwrite-strings`. Ideally, we'd just convert the field to be a `const char *`. But we also assign to this field via the GIT_TEST_MERGE_ALGORITHM envvar, which we have to strdup(3P) into it. Instead, refactor the code to make sure that we only ever assign allocated strings to this field. Signed-off-by: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> commit 25a47ffac0c50d3bae4058e6327c7bd799240df9 Author: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Date: Fri Jun 7 08:39:26 2024 +0200 builtin/rebase: do not assign default backend to non-constant field The `struct rebase_options::default_backend` field is a non-constant string, but is being assigned a constant via `REBASE_OPTIONS_INIT`. Fix this by using `xstrdup()` to assign the variable and introduce a new function `rebase_options_release()` that releases memory held by the structure, including the newly-allocated variable. Signed-off-by: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> commit 6d1f198f346fb218e06e730bac28609aa402a648 Author: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Date: Fri Jun 7 08:39:22 2024 +0200 imap-send: fix leaking memory in `imap_server_conf` We never free any of the config strings that we populate into the `struct imap_server_conf`. Fix this by creating a common exit path where we can free resources. While at it, drop the unused member `imap_server_conf::name`. Signed-off-by: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> commit cea1ff7f1fb65daaf1059bdc0e5b65e2a2e3b89b Author: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Date: Fri Jun 7 08:39:17 2024 +0200 imap-send: drop global `imap_server_conf` variable In "imap-send.c", we have a global `sturct imap_server_conf` variable that keeps track of the configuration of the IMAP server. This variable is being populated mostly via the Git configuration. Refactor the code to allocate the structure on the stack instead of having it globally. This change allows us to track its lifetime more closely. Signed-off-by: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> commit c77756015e66e5fc601cfb6a368c37ef1f94285a Author: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Date: Fri Jun 7 08:39:12 2024 +0200 mailmap: always store allocated strings in mailmap blob Same as with the preceding commit, the `git_mailmap_blob` may sometimes contain an allocated string and sometimes it may contain a string constant. This is risky and can easily lead to bugs in case the variable is getting re-assigned, where the code may then try to free the previous value to avoid memory leaks. Safeguard the code by always storing allocated strings in the variable. Signed-off-by: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> commit 844d190677216c0754287f14d9474a55adf606a4 Author: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Date: Fri Jun 7 08:39:07 2024 +0200 revision: always store allocated strings in output encoding The `git_log_output_encoding` variable can be set via the `--encoding=` option. When doing so, we conditionally either assign it to the passed value, or if the value is "none" we assign it the empty string. Depending on which of the both code paths we pick though, the variable may end up being assigned either an allocated string or a string constant. This is somewhat risky and may easily lead to bugs when a different code path may want to reassign a new value to it, freeing the previous value. We already to this when parsing the "i18n.logoutputencoding" config in `git_default_i18n_config()`. But because the config is typically parsed before we parse command line options this has been fine so far. Regardless of that, safeguard the code such that the variable always contains an allocated string. While at it, also free the old value in case there was any to plug a potential memory leak. Signed-off-by: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> commit a3da6948c3b6c272bf7a381b86df9a60bdf2b052 Author: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Date: Fri Jun 7 08:39:03 2024 +0200 remote-curl: avoid assigning string constant to non-const variable When processing remote options, we split the option line into two by searching for a space. If there is one, we replace the space with '\0', otherwise we implicitly assume that the value is "true" and thus assign a string constant. As the return value of strchr(3P) weirdly enough is a `char *` even though it gets a `const char *` as input, the assigned-to variable also is a non-constant. This is fine though because the argument is in fact an allocated string, and thus we are allowed to modify it. But this will break once we enable `-Wwrite-strings`. Refactor the code stop splitting the fields with '\0' altogether. Instead, we can pass the length of the option name to `set_option()` and then use strncmp(3P) instead of strcmp(3P). Signed-off-by: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> commit 5bd0851d97be732470eab8cb8d7255c7050ef384 Author: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Date: Fri Jun 7 08:38:58 2024 +0200 send-pack: always allocate receive status In `receive_status()`, we record the reason why ref updates have been rejected by the remote via the `remote_status`. But while we allocate the assigned string when a reason was given, we assign a string constant when no reason was given. This has been working fine so far due to two reasons: - We don't ever free the refs in git-send-pack(1)' - Remotes always give a reason, at least as implemented by Git proper. Adapt the code to always allocate the receive status string and free the refs. Signed-off-by: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> commit e463c5e8a0c306b62c25ff5856087ab32403158a Author: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Date: Fri Jun 7 08:38:54 2024 +0200 parse-options: cast long name for OPTION_ALIAS We assign the long name for OPTION_ALIAS options to a non-constant value field. We know that the variable will never be written to, but this will cause warnings once we enable `-Wwrite-strings`. Cast away the constness to be prepared for this change. Signed-off-by: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> commit 8d3a7ce441422f4b48f14c19a1b3be4ba7bfd30f Author: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Date: Fri Jun 7 08:38:49 2024 +0200 http: do not assign string constant to non-const field In `write_accept_language()`, we put all acceptable languages into an array. While all entries in that array are allocated strings, the final entry in that array is a string constant. This is fine because we explicitly skip over the last entry when freeing the array, but will cause warnings once we enable `-Wwrite-strings`. Adapt the code to also allocate the final entry. Signed-off-by: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> commit e7b40195ae0082d04ea8c0d1769d90ea700b76f2 Author: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Date: Fri Jun 7 08:38:44 2024 +0200 compat/win32: fix const-correctness with string constants Adjust various places in our Win32 compatibility layer where we are not assigning string constants to `const char *` variables. Signed-off-by: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> commit 9c076c32fbb15a0887a1ed4d2afa7e5a3fd74727 Author: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Date: Fri Jun 7 08:38:39 2024 +0200 pretty: add casts for decoration option pointers The `struct decoration_options` have a prefix and suffix field which are both non-constant, but we assign a constant pointer to them. This is safe to do because we pass them to `format_decorations()`, which never modifies these pointers, and then immediately discard the structure. Add explicit casts to avoid compilation warnings with `-Wwrite-strings`. Signed-off-by: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> commit 9f03e4813a5b4e469b3a7f5ad4ada3a9c3f92bfd Author: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Date: Fri Jun 7 08:38:35 2024 +0200 object-file: make `buf` parameter of `index_mem()` a constant The `buf` parameter of `index_mem()` is a non-constant string. This will break once we enable `-Wwrite-strings` because we also pass constants from at least one callsite. Adapt the parameter to be a constant. As we cannot free the buffer without casting now, this also requires us to move the lifetime of the nested buffer around. Signed-off-by: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> commit 724b6d1e18606ca2fa14d7cc48c3bf3884363e25 Author: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Date: Fri Jun 7 08:38:30 2024 +0200 object-file: mark cached object buffers as const The buffers of cached objects are never modified, but are still stored as a non-constant pointer. This will cause a compiler warning once we enable the `-Wwrite-strings` compiler warning as we assign an empty constant string when initializing the static `empty_tree` cached object. Convert the field to be constant. This requires us to shuffle around the code a bit because we memcpy(3P) into the allocated buffer in `pretend_object_file()`. This is easily fixed though by allocating the buffer into a temporary variable first. Signed-off-by: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> commit 32f9929109e2858b81403f2cbb2a80774f822859 Author: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Date: Fri Jun 7 08:38:25 2024 +0200 ident: add casts for fallback name and GECOS In `xgetpwuid_self()`, we return a fallback identity when it was not possible to look up the current identity. This fallback identity needs to be internal and must never be written to by the calles as specified by getpwuid(3P). As both the `pw_name` and `pw_gecos` fields are marked as non-constant though, it will cause a warning to assign constant strings to them once compiling with `-Wwrite-strings`. Add explicit casts to avoid the warning. Signed-off-by: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> commit b31607a3e03b2002c468c16bb71fcaf2d1846e09 Author: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Date: Fri Jun 7 08:38:20 2024 +0200 entry: refactor how we remove items for delayed checkouts When finalizing a delayed checkout, we sort out several strings from the passed-in string list by first assigning the empty string to those filters and then calling `string_list_remove_empty_items()`. Assigning the empty string will cause compiler warnings though as the string is a `char *` once we enable `-Wwrite-strings`. Refactor the code to use a `NULL` pointer with `filter_string_list()` instead to avoid this warning. Signed-off-by: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> commit 394affd46dc9b0c805df6e999837aa297f844fc0 Author: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Date: Fri Jun 7 08:38:16 2024 +0200 line-log: always allocate the output prefix The returned string by `output_prefix()` is sometimes a string constant and sometimes an allocated string. This has been fine until now because we always leak the allocated strings, and thus we never tried to free the string constant. Fix the code to always return an allocated string and free the returned value at all callsites. Signed-off-by: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> commit 42d2ad55566013535c16b80fc2d445da93cceed3 Author: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Date: Fri Jun 7 08:38:11 2024 +0200 line-log: stop assigning string constant to file parent buffer Stop assigning a string constant to the file parent buffer and instead assign an allocated string. While the code is fine in practice, it will break once we compile with `-Wwrite-strings`. Signed-off-by: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> commit 86badd4d0a51262c2da1ca45c36612a28aad3b59 Author: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Date: Fri Jun 7 08:38:06 2024 +0200 diff: cast string constant in `fill_textconv()` The `fill_textconv()` function is responsible for converting an input file with a textconv driver, which is then passed to the caller. Weirdly though, the function also handles the case where there is no textconv driver at all. In that case, it will return either the contents of the populated filespec, or an empty string if the filespec is invalid. These two cases have differing memory ownership semantics. When there is a textconv driver, then the result is an allocated string. Otherwise, the result is either a string constant or owned by the filespec struct. All callers are in fact aware of this weirdness and only end up freeing the output buffer when they had a textconv driver. Ideally, we'd split up this interface to only perform the conversion via the textconv driver, and BUG in case the caller didn't provide one. This would make memory ownership semantics much more straight forward. For now though, let's simply cast the empty string constant to `char *` to avoid a warning with `-Wwrite-strings`. This is equivalent to the same cast that we already have in `fill_mmfile()`. Signed-off-by: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> commit 81654d27bf9e2f3745fb6190cb5b0863f91a644e Author: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Date: Fri Jun 7 08:38:02 2024 +0200 builtin/remote: cast away constness in `get_head_names()` In `get_head_names()`, we assign the "refs/heads/*" string constant to `struct refspec_item::{src,dst}`, which are both non-constant pointers. Ideally, we'd refactor the code such that both of these fields were constant. But `struct refspec_item` is used for two different usecases with conflicting requirements: - To query for a source or destination based on the given refspec. The caller either sets `src` or `dst` as the branch that we want to search for, and the respective other field gets populated. The fields should be constant when being used as a query parameter, which is owned by the caller, and non-constant when being used as an out parameter, which is owned by the refspec item. This is is contradictory in itself already. - To store refspec items with their respective source and destination branches, in which case both fields should be owned by the struct. Ideally, we'd split up this interface to clearly separate between querying and storing, which would enable us to clarify lifetimes of the strings. This would be a much bigger undertaking though. Instead, accept the status quo for now and cast away the constness of the source and destination patterns. We know that those are not being written to or freed, so while this is ugly it certainly is fine for now. Signed-off-by: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> commit 235ac3f81ad1950f2e6b47b30561eb96844e1c85 Author: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Date: Fri Jun 7 08:37:57 2024 +0200 refspec: remove global tag refspec structure We have a global tag refspec structure that is used by both git-clone(1) and git-fetch(1). Initialization of the structure will break once we enable `-Wwrite-strings`, even though the breakage is harmless. While we could just add casts, the structure isn't really required in the first place as we can simply initialize the structures at the respective callsites. Refactor the code accordingly. Signed-off-by: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> commit 66f892bb075f19bed784b86c7850a89c9a865aca Author: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Date: Fri Jun 7 08:37:52 2024 +0200 reftable: cast away constness when assigning constants to records The reftable records are used in multiple ways throughout the reftable library. In many of those cases they merely act as input to a function without getting modified by it at all. Most importantly, this happens when writing records and when querying for records. We rely on this in our tests and thus assign string constants to those fields, which is about to generate warnings as those fields are of type `char *`. While we could go through the process and instead allocate those strings in all of our tests, this feels quite unnecessary. Instead, add casts to `char *` for all of those strings. As this is part of our tests, this also nicely serves as a demonstration that nothing writes or frees those string constants, which would otherwise lead to segfaults. Signed-off-by: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> commit 23c32511b31f2123fd194ba3a89c758ba3e55143 Author: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Date: Fri Jun 7 08:37:48 2024 +0200 refs/reftable: stop micro-optimizing refname allocations on copy When copying refs, we execute `write_copy_table()` to write the new table. As the names are given to us via `arg->newname` and `arg->oldname`, respectively, we optimize away some allocations by assigning those fields to the reftable records we are about to write directly, without duplicating them. This requires us to cast the input to `char *` pointers as they are in fact constant strings. Later on, we then unset the refname for all of the records before calling `reftable_log_record_release()` on them. We also do this when assigning the "HEAD" constant, but here we do not cast because its type is `char[]` by default. It's about to be turned into `const char *` though once we enable `-Wwrite-strings` and will thus cause another warning. It's quite dubious whether this micro-optimization really helps. We're about to write to disk anyway, which is going to be way slower than a small handful of allocations. Let's drop the optimization altogther and instead copy arguments to simplify the code and avoid the future warning with `-Wwrite-strings`. Signed-off-by: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> commit c113c5df7911bf7bc6a4542131ac5bf983532a97 Author: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Date: Fri Jun 7 08:37:43 2024 +0200 global: convert intentionally-leaking config strings to consts There are multiple cases where we intentionally leak config strings: - `struct gpg_format` is used to track programs that can be used for signing commits, either via gpg(1), gpgsm(1) or ssh-keygen(1). The user can override the commands via several config variables. As the array is populated once, only, and the struct memers are never written to or free'd. - `struct ll_merge_driver` is used to track merge drivers. Same as with the GPG format, these drivers are populated once and then reused. Its data is never written to or free'd, either. - `struct userdiff_funcname` and `struct userdiff_driver` can be configured via `diff.<driver>.*` to add additional drivers. Again, these have a global lifetime and are never written to or free'd. All of these are intentionally kept alive and are never written to. Furthermore, all of these are being assigned both string constants in some places, and allocated strings in other places. This will cause warnings once we enable `-Wwrite-strings`, so let's mark the respective fields as `const char *` and cast away the constness when assigning those values. Signed-off-by: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>